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Jean Gagnepain (November 16, 1923 - January 3, 2006) was a French linguist and anthropologist. == Biography == Jean Gagnepain was born on November 16, 1923, in Sully-sur-Loire (Loiret, France). After obtaining an Agrégation in grammar, he carried on his study of language under the direction of Joseph Vendryes. He went to Dublin for about ten years to study celtic languages and concluded his stay in Ireland by defending a PhD thesis, in 1957, at the Faculty of Letters of the University of Paris, on the syntax of the verbal noun in celtic languages.〔(La syntaxe du nom verbal dans les langues celtiques ) (Syntax of the Verbal Noun in Celtic Languages. 1. Irish)〕 His complementary thesis (necessary in France until 1968) was on the Greek nouns in -ΟΣ and -Α.〔(Les noms grecs en -ΟΣ et en -Α. Contribution à l'étude du genre en indo-européen. ) (Greek Nouns in -ΟΣ et en -Α. A Contribution to the Study of Gender in Indo-European)〕 In 1958, he was appointed as a professor at the University of Rennes where he stayed for the rest of his career (in the University of Rennes 2 after 1969, when the University of Rennes was divided between two universities). There, he met professor Olivier Sabouraud, a neurologist from the Faculty of Medicine, for a time chairman of the Department of Neurology of the University Hospital Rennes Pontchaillou. Together with Sabouraud, he began to study aphasia〔H. Guyard, O. Sabouraud, J. Gagnepain, "A procedure to differentiate phonological disturbances in Broca's aphasia and Wernicke's aphasia", ''Brain and Language'', Volume 13, Issue 1, May 1981, Pages 19-30. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0093-934X(81)90126-7〕 and other language disorders, which conducted him to develop a new theory of human rationality, he called theory of mediation (or clinical anthropology).〔Thomas Ewens(1992). « Human Sciences and Art Education: The Theory of Mediation », ''Design For Arts in Education'', Volume 93, Issue 6 (now ''Arts Education Policy Review''). (DOI:10.1080/07320973.1992.9935585 )〕 His views on aphasia have given way to studies on grammatical impairment〔See for instance: (Hubert Guyard, Attie Duval-Gombert, Marie-Claude Le Bot, "Grammatical Gender in Aphasia" in Jean-Luc Nespoulos and Pierre Villard (Editors), ''Morphology, Phonology, and Aphasia'', Springer Series in Neuropsychology, 1990, pp. 108-139 )〕 and even computer-software assessment and rehabilitation of brain-damaged patients.〔Hubert Guyard, Véronique Masson and René Quiniou, "Computer-based aphasia treatment meets artificial intelligence", ''Aphasiology'', Volume 4, Issue 6, 1990, 599-613. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02687039008248510〕〔Hubert Guyard, Véronique Masson and René Quiniou, "Introducing artificial intelligence into aphasiological data analysis: Answers", ''Aphasiology'', Volume 4, Issue 6, 1990, 631-635. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02687039008248514〕〔Hubert Guyard, Véronique Masson, René Quiniou and Emmanuel Siou, "Expert Knowledge for Acalculia Assessment and Rehabilitation", ''Neurospychological Rehabilitation'', 1997, 7(4), 419–439. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713755545〕 More recently, his theory of mediation has inspired new perspectives on apraxia and tool use.〔François Osiurak, Christophe Jarry, Philippe Allain, Ghislaine Aubin, Frédérique Etcharry-Bouyx, Isabelle Richard, Isabelle Bernard, Didier Le Gall, "Unusual use of objects after unilateral brain damage. The technical reasoning model ", ''Cortex'', Volume 45, Issue 6, Pages 695-792 (June 2009). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2008.06.013〕〔François Osiurak, Christophe Jarry and Didier Le Gall, "Grasping the affordances. Understanding the reasoning. Toward a dialectical theory of human tool use", ''Psychological Review'', Volume 117, Issue 2, p. 517-540. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0019004〕〔François Osiurak, Christophe Jarry, Didier Le Gall, "Re-examining the gesture engram hypothesis. New perspectives on apraxia of tool use", ''Neuropsychologia'', Volume 49, Issue 3, Pages 299-312 (February 2011). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.12.041〕 He died on January 3, 2006, in Montpeyroux (Dordogne, France). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jean Gagnepain」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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